          
The first cave artwork was only discovered in the mid-nineteenth century, which is hard to believe since it existed from 40,000 to 10,000 BC during the Upper Paleolithic period, also called the Reindeer Age. The best of those paintings were done by those who became known as the Magdalenians ~ people who flourished in the Pyrénées region of Europe from 18,000 BC to 10,0000 BC. The Magdalenian creations have been around for two-thirds of the time humans have created art! A little
about the Magdalenians: They were named for a site in France,
La
Madeleine,
In 1902 cave art was finally accepted by both anthropologists and art historians as significant and authentic. As the 20th century drew to a close, Europe boasted 277 authenticated sites, 142 of which are in France, with others in Spain, Italy, Portugal, Germany and the Balkans. The art work itself is extremely fragile, and once a cave is exposed, not only to the outside air after being 'opened', but to humankind, the art begins to deteriorate very quickly. One example of this is the cave at Bédeilhac in the Pyrénées whose art vanished from deterioration within six months of opening to the public during World War I. Air-conditioning installed in most caves today permits people to visit with less risk to the art work, and even with that advantage, some are open for only brief amounts of time to small groups of people, similar to the restrictions placed on visitors to Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Ancient art work can disappear so quickly, so every effort must be made to protect it. The earliest drawings were done by hands forming designs in soft clay, and this progressed to engraving with sharp tools. Some of these drawings were on the floors of caves and have long since disappeared under the feet of visitors. Then pigments were discovered, and painting was done on cave walls often incorporating the shape of the rock face itself to depict animals, the most common subjects of this art form. Red, iron oxide, black, brown and yellow were the available pigments, while white was used occasionally. These warm hues, aglow in the caves by just enough light for visitors to see the amazing work of our ancestors, are etched forever in one's memory after a visit to one of France's prehistoric wonders. It is
important to know that caves were not the homes of early man, but
were most likely places of spirituality.
An excerpt from Discover Select Paris Suburb Treasures Eastward Ho! Let's go first to Vincennes, eastern end-station of Métro line N° 1; the trip from central Paris will cost you a single Métro ticket and about a 20-minute ride.
Horrified, the new king-to-be, Charles V, fled the Conciergerie and went east, where he created at the city's boundary – protected by moats from both external and city enemies – La Bastille. Even there, he didn't feel safe and decided to move still further eastward, to the royal fortress-cum-hunting lodge at Vincennes where he had been born in 1338. He decided to reside there and also make it the seat of his government and administration – a kind of second French capital! This required a complete architectural revamping whose extraordinary monumental result you can visit still today. Check out, for instance, the castle keep, some 50 meters high! Charles V died at Vincennes in 1380, but the castle's story didn't end then. . .
An
excerpt from one of our Provence features in 2006
PROVENCE REVISITED The Bouches-du-Rhône (13) is clearly the 'mouth of the Rhône' River, and here lie the marshlands between the Grand Rhône and Petit Rhône known as the Camargue. Monitored closely to protect its fragile ecological balance, this wild land still has it herds of black bulls, but the only 'wild' white horses left are those who escaped nearby ranches. The heart of the Camargue is les Saintes Marie-de-la-Mer, a town named for Mary Magdeleine, Mary Jacobe (sister of the Virgin Mary) and St Martha who, it is believed, arrived there from Bethany in 18 AD by boat. Today is the gathering place for the annual gypsy pilgrimage.
Marseille,
the bustling port city founded by the Greeks, is nearby. A mile off
the coast from the city is Château
d'If, open to visitors who want to see the prison made famous by
Alexandre Dumas' Count of Monte Cristo. Nostradamus' birthplace,
the fine town of St-Rémy-de-Provence,
offers antiques shops, restaurants and tree-lined streets, and just outside
of St-Rémy are the Roman ruins at Glanum. A great place
to stop, shop and explore is Les
Baux de Provence; visitors can enjoy the older town in ruins
and the newer town below with its narrow curved streets, ancient doorways
and tourist throngs. Finally is the little fishing village of Cassis
~ the coastline known as the
Calanques (inlets and rugged cliffs)
stretches from here to Marseille and is an area rich in wildlife with over
900 species of plants, some of which are protected.
This excerpt is from our special feature on the Wine Route of Burgundy BEAUNE “A study in gold and ruby: If there is one town that can be summed up in the harmonious blend of two colors, that town is Beaune. Gold and ruby are the characteristic shimmering colors of the great wines of Burgundy of which Beaune is the undisputed capital.” Those words may sound somewhat subjective, as well they should - they are from the Burgundy tourist office. We have visited Beaune, and our opinion is more objective. It’s a wonderful town! Beaune is first remembered for its narrow streets and bustling squares and the Hôtel Dieu, the museum created from a charity hospital (in operation until 1971) founded in 1443 by Nicolas Rolin, the king’s chancellor, who came into great wealth. He and his wife decided to establish an almshouse and hospital for the city’s poor. The quotations of the time from Nicolas and later King Louis XI are worth repeating. Nicolas wrote, “I set aside all mortal cares and consider nothing but my salvation, wishing by a happy transaction to exchange for heavenly riches those earthly ones bestowed upon me by God’s favor, so to make transient riches eternal.” Sounds quite generous and humble! However, Louis XI saw it differently, as there was always some question as to how Rolin acquired his enormous wealth. Louis said, “It’s only right that he who made so many destitute in his life should build them an almshouse before he died.” Today, visitors can explore this remarkable place. The beds lined up along the walls in the huge ward, each with a bedside chair and a small place for one’s meager belongings, the magnificent sculpture of Christ carved from one huge piece of wood, the apothecary of the nuns who served the poor, and the architecture itself are all notable. And, no doubt, most photographed is the Burgundian patterned roof. Rolin did achieve something else that remains today. He needed to raise maintenance funds after his wife’s dowry ran dry, and encouraged local vintners to donate land - vineyards, to be exact. The hospice, now still supporting 240 elderly people in Beaune, owns 2000 acres of vines. The annual wine auction, until recently held in the Hôtel Dieu, now takes place in the market hall. Tastings are offered in the hospice on that day. The auction is the focal point of Trois Glorieuses, the three-day November wine festival. But, Beaune also offers visitors good museums, from the Musée des Beaux Arts with a collection of works of Picasso, Chagall and extraordinary Flemish and Dutch paintings of the 16th and 17th centuries, to the Musée du Vin de Bourgogne housed in the former 15th century mansion of the Dukes of Burgundy, where tours are given. Visit the museum’s 14th century wine cellars to see ancient presses and vats, and get a real lesson in historic wine-making implements, methods and the soils of the surrounding vineyards. Don’t miss the Jean Lurçat Aubusson tapestry located in the main room of the mansion.
From our Winter 2011 newsletter. . .dusty, winding roads . . . We couldn't resist stealing a few lines from Vin en Vacances web site because they paint a wonderful picture of what would be in store for anyone joining their tours. "Take a drive along its dusty winding roads and discover this amazing land smothered in wild sage, thyme and rosemary and huge craggy rock outcrops highlighting the rows of grape vines below. Ancient villages sit on hill tops, medieval castles stand proudly on mountains and the magnificent Carcassonne citadel, with its fluttering red flags flying in the wind, welcomes you to this unique part of the world." Wendy Gedney was first introduced to the area twenty years ago by her late husband who knew a thing or two about wine and told her to watch out for what was slowly taking place here. He predicted that the simple country wines of those days would be replaced by some of the most exciting wines France would produce, and he was right. Today, there are a great many excellent producers, and many of the wines they make are world class. Typically
the people who join Wendy's tours are novices where wine is concerned,
such as the group of Americans Wendy collected one morning last summer.
The tour started with a lovely twenty-minute drive through the vineyard
region of the Minervois eventually arriving at the ancient village of Rieux-Minervois.
When putting the tour together Wendy had gleaned that the group was very
interested in the history of the region as well as the wines. So she had
included this village because it has a very unusual seven-sided church
containing some incredible carvings produced by an anonymous sculptor who
is now called 'The Master of Cabestany' and who was active in the second
half of the 12th century.
. . . and from our December 2006 newsletter RESTAURANT RECOMMENDATIONS ~ PARIS We don't want these restaurants to become too popular because we'll have difficulty getting a table for dinner, but we feel we must pass along our tips for great dining experiences at a reasonable cost when you next visit Paris. They are all in our favorite neighborhood, the 7th arrondissement.
This excerpt is from Limoges: Where Works of Art Emerge by Maribeth Clemente Nestled into rich countryside where the most prized cattle of France graze, Limoges is a city steeped in a long tradition of arts and crafts. Along with its outlying area, Limoges is most certainly the focal point of a visit to this delightfully rural region known as the Limousin, located in central France. The name Limoges is, of course, synonymous with china of the finest quality. Although many people think of it as a brand name, in fact Limoges is to china what Bordeaux is to wine. The fine white kaolin clay of the region made this the ideal place for porcelain makers to set up shop more than 250 years ago. Prior to that, the French used faience for their tableware, a far less refined ceramic than porcelain. With explorations to far-away lands — primarily the Orient — the French were introduced to the rare qualities of china, which soon became the envy of French royalty. The oldest porcelain maker of Limoges is the Ancienne Manufacture Royale, founded in 1737, originally as a manufactory exclusively devoted to china production for the king and his court. The Manufacture is in full operation today, and although it is still producing ultra-luxurious creations fit for a king’s table (or an Arab prince’s!), it is also one of the best places to go for those beloved little Limoges boxes (astonishingly well-priced here). Before you set out shopping, though, try to schedule a visit to the Musée National de la Porcelaine Adrien-Dubouché, a fascinating museum that features interesting examples of ceramics from all over the world and across the centuries. Here you will be able to distinguish the extreme whiteness and astonishing translucence of Limoges china, qualities that have earned it remarkable prestige and a reputation for value over more than two centuries. Your educational tour may continue at Haviland where part of its museum pays tribute to table settings created for famous places and people including Maxim’s restaurant in Paris, the Empress Eugénie and an impressive number of American presidents. Bernardaud recently opened an exciting arts complex that occupies part of their original manufactory. In this living museum, you can participate in any number of activities, including taking a guided tour of the works or actually delving into the creation of la porcelaine (great for kids!). A variety of temporary exhibitions also serve to educate and entertain, but, as in the case chez Haviland, you might become most consumed with their terrific factory discount shopping. 
A taste of one of our Regional Features, this one on the Auvergne The Massif Central is a large, diverse granite plateau infused with spectacular beauty, often called “la France profonde” — the rugged heartland of the country. The Massif encompasses nine départements, four of which make up Auvergne. The others are the three of the Limousin, and the départements of Lozère in Languedoc and Aveyron in the Midi-Pyrénées. With few large cities, this part of France is a “must see” on anyone’s itinerary to experience the beauty of its valleys and mountains, castles, lush forests, Romanesque churches, charming villages, delicious regional cuisine, and wonderful local people. Auvergne is special, as we recently discovered. The highest peaks of the Massif are in Auvergne, a rich land of green pastures and gentle foothills. Hiking, fishing and boating are popular pastimes. In the winter months, cross-country skiing is very popular, but, because the local mountains are not extremely high or always covered in snow, there is less downhill skiing. It is an ideal destination for lovers of the out-of-doors, but certainly not limited to those pursuits. Throughout the area castles exist that are open to the public for visits. We have counted 45, only seven of which offer bed and breakfast accommodations or dining facilities. The majority have historic tours, museums, expositions, son et lumière and concerts. The Parc Naturel Régional des Volcans d’Auvergne lies west of Clermont-Ferrand in the Puy-de-Dôme — a region of extinct volcanoes — and is one of many areas within Auvergne that are protected from incursion by any kind of development. The area is still not overrun by tourists, and the local inhabitants are happy with the level of activity as it is today. An advantage of a visit to this region, aside from the lovely open roads and lack of crowds, is that prices are still so reasonable. The available inns are exceptional in quality, as well, which makes it even more desirable. One more delight of the Auvergne: cheese! Saint-Nectaire, named for the Puy-de-Dôme village, is made from milk of Salers cows feeding on volcanic pastures and is aged in old wine cellars. A creamy cheese, it is one of many fine cheeses from Auvergne. Others include cows’ cheese such as Cantal and Bleu d’Auvergne, ewe cheese such as Brebis du Lavort, and the goat cheeses Chevreton du Bourbonnais and Briquette du Forez , among others.
A sampling of our regular French Wine Report Château Raymond-Lafon Exemplifies
the Best of White Bordeaux
Red may be the color that comes to mind when one thinks of Bordeaux, but French wine journalists will gather January 22 in Paris to taste and judge the already legendary 2001 vintage of one of the finest white wines in Bordeaux: Sauternes. For this sweet white Bordeaux variety, 2001 featured ideal weather conditions which allowed for the special mold called botrytis cinerea to concentrate grape juices just perfectly. Harvesters had a field day at Château Raymond-Lafon, one of the top Sauternes producers, which will be the appellation standard bearer at the Paris tasting this month. “In 2001, we were able to pick our maximum yield, which will result in about 30,000 bottles, “ says Charles Henri Meslier, the château’s wine maker. The entire Sauternes appellation includes some 6000 acres of vines in what is, arguably, the most beautiful of the Bordeaux appellations: gently rolling hills, foggy mist from the nearby Cerons stream, and a charmingly small and authentic town center. Château Raymond-Lafon’s 50 acres are preciously located right near the world famous Château d’Yquem. Pierre Meslier used to make wine for d’Yquem from 1961 until his retirement in 1990; he bought Raymond–Lafon in 1972, and he and his family have ever since been responsible for making Sauternes wines approaching the quality of d’Yquem, at about one-third its price, according to American wine critic Robert Parker. French critics also laud the quality of this Sauternes, and the Swedish government selected Raymond-Lafon for its Nobel Peace Prize dinner in 2000.
From our feature covering special cities of France ARLES - Gateway to the Camargue It has been said that the best preserved and largest collection of Roman ruins can be found in France. In the south there are many examples, but our utmost favorite is Arles in the Bouches-de-Rhône — not just for its Roman ruins, but because this is an inviting and pleasant city. You may be surprised to learn that Arles is the largest city in France with a surface area of 758 square kilometers and surrounded by the exceptional beauty of the Rhône River, the Crau plains, les Alpilles and the wild Camargue. (Do plan a visit to the Camargue!) In Roman times, Arles was a bustling metropolis and a symbol of ardent Christianity. This is seen in the Roman arena completed in 70 AD, said to have seated 23,000 spectators. Two of its original three tiers still stand, and today it is the site of bull fights (the bulls are spared), concerts and public functions. A Museum of Christian Art can also be found in Arles, tying it again to its strong Christian origins. Antiquities from the Greek and Roman era can be seen at l’Eglise St-Trophime, a former church, now a museum, displaying Greek and Roman statues and tombs as well as a statue of Augustus Caesar. Also worth visiting (you’ll need to drive) is the Alyscamps (Elysian Fields) burial grounds southeast of Arles used until the twelfth century. When in Arles be sure to visit the Roman Theatre on rue Porte de Laure, used today for the Arles Festival. It may be best recognized for its two remaining columns known as “the two widows” which stand like sentinels. Frederic Mistral, the French poet, owned a 16th century Gothic house in Arles which today is the Musée d’Arlatan, home to artifacts, costumes, furniture and the implements of daily life in the Pays d’Arles, something he found fascinating and a collection which he established with the money from his Nobel Prize in 1904. Another famous resident was Vincent Van Gogh, who was in the city two short years (1888-1889) painting the townspeople and local buildings. Considered eccentric, he was not well liked by the people in town. He committed himself to a sanitarium in nearby St-Rémy-de-Provence. . . In Arles, there is a cultural center, Espace Van Gogh, formerly the hospital where he received treatment in 1889, dedicated to his life and work. Arles’ location, history and charm have ensured its status as a prominent and much-loved tourist center, and it has avoided modern-day industrialization. With a population just over 51,000, Arles has a small-town feeling as it is explored on foot. Winding narrow streets, red-roofed buildings, and, in the air, the ever-present scent of someone cooking with garlic — add to this a good climate, and it is almost too good to be true! Before you leave, be sure to cross the Rhône on Pont de Trinquetaille, turn right onto Quai St-Pierre and go as far as the cemetery. Stop there and look back across the river for a wide-angled view of this gem of a city.
An
Excerpt from the February 2004 French Wine Report
Some 1,800 guests came to Château Mouton Rothschild – including Bernadette Chirac, wife of French President Jacques Chirac, and Claude Pompidou, widow of late French president Georges Pompidou – to enjoy a festive dinner party, known as the Fête de la Fleur, on the last day of Vinexpo.
Opera tenor, Placido Domingo, sang live on stage, surprising everyone with operatic songs over a sumptuous feast featuring the mythical 1982 vintage of Mouton Rothschild among other fine wines. Gathered in tables of twelve under a colorfully lit and immense tent-like metal structure, guests were treated to an ambiance resembling the Cannes film festival, with noted cinema stars such as actress Catherine Deneuve and actor Jean-Claude Brialy turning up for the party held by Mouton Rothschild owner Baroness Philippine de Rothschild, herself a former actress. The Commanderie du Bontemps, a brotherhood grouping Médoc, Graves, Barsac and Sauternes, has organized the Fête de la Fleur annually in Bordeaux since 1952 to celebrate the vine flowering in anticipation of the autumn harvest -- but the party also marked two special anniversaries. During the dinner, a short film about Mouton Rothschild’s history was screened to mark both the 150th anniversary that Baron Nathaniel de Rothschild of the family's English branch bought Château Brane Mouton and renamed the vineyard located in the heart of the Médoc, as well as the 30th anniversary that Château Mouton Rothschild was promoted as one of the top five “premier cru” wines in an otherwise rigid 1855 classification of top Bordeaux wines. After the film, the Baroness asked guests to turn their menu to the page including words to a song called “the hymn of Mouton,” announcing that the double anniversary was the perfect occasion to sing that song. “But who will sing it?” she asked rhetorically. As some diners – at least at my table – fought tooth and nail for every last drop of the 1982 Mouton Rothschild, a perfect 100 points on the Robert Parker scale, lush red curtains behind the Baroness rose and Placido Domingo, who had just flown in that afternoon from London, burst into song. [Photo copyrighted property of Panos Kakaviatos 2003-2006. All rights reserved.]
From
time to time we 'travel' with our readers to some of the Most Beautiful
Villages of France
FLAVIGNY-SUR-OZERAIN Did you see the film “Chocolat”? If you did, then you have already paid a visit to Flavigny-sur-Ozerain, for that is where the movie was filmed. This walled Burgundian hilltop town, about 170 miles south of Paris, does not possess a chocolaterie or, as Juliette Binoche portrayed in the movie, a chocolatière. It is, instead, a town famous for the manufacture of anise sweets and dragée (sugared almonds) - and has been since the ninth century!
Besides adding it to your list of villages you've visited from Les Plus Beaux Villages de France, you will enjoy its cobbled narrow and winding streets, the peace and calm of a village with a small but devoted population, and perhaps a glass of wine at Renée Meugnot’s family “Café Trop Chaud”, only open on Tuesdays, Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays. It may have been her café that convinced the movie’s director to use Flavigny as the setting for Chocolat, for it is the first place he visited when he arrived in town. If you want to spend the night in town, you might try the Hôtel le Relais de Flavigny (hotel/restaurant), owned and operated by Monsieur Guillier. The phone from outside France is: 33.3.80.96.27.77. A charming B&B with two rooms that comes highly recommended by travelers is the Couvent Des Castafours - your hostess is Judith Lemoine. The contact phone for reservations from outside France is: 33.3.80.96.24.92). Visit her web site! A visit to Flavigny-sur-Ozerain will be well worth your time. Its mayor, Gérard Foutheneu, says that Flavigny is “frozen in time”. [Photo courtesy of Marc Troubat, a resident of Flavigny sur Ozerain. All rights reserved.]
Readers
of our newsletter will know that we give a great deal
The Street Markets of Paris Capture
the 'Spirit of the Village'
There is no better way to breathe the spirit of Paris than to do as Parisians do, and visit its lively street markets to find the 'spirit of the village.' Paris has all sorts of street markets: from permanent markets to roving markets served by truck farmers; from organic markets to specialty markets; and, of course, all-purpose flea markets. I cut my teeth, so to speak, on one of the city's food markets, which enticed me with fresh produce, fish and meats, as well as delicious pastries and breads. But one shouldn't forget the specialty markets, whose products run the gamut: old posters, perfumes, honey, exotic birds, paper products, absinthe glasses, kitchen linens, cheese, wine, and fashion. Goodness, one could build an entire visit around these markets – each of them, to borrow the words of the French writer Honoré de Balzac, "an undiscovered place, an unknown retreat." I discovered the Paris street market scene on the rue Mouffetard, one of the city's oldest market streets, a narrow lane framed, like a living painting, by architecture dating back to the seventeenth century. Nearby is the Jardin des Plantes, or Plant Gardens, where King Louis XIII's doctors planted a royal medicinal herb garden in 1626 and which today, with its zoo and alpine garden, offer pleasant diversions during an afternoon picnic. When the Romans inhabited Paris, which they called Lutètia, the rue Mouffetard was a principal thoroughfare. They built the nearby Arènes de Lutèce, a 15,000-seat amphitheater for performances and, as expected, gladiator fights. On my morning out, the number 27 bus dropped me off at a little square dominated by the fifteenth-century Church of St. Medard. There, fruit and vegetable stalls marked the beginning of the market. But before I jumped into the market, I spied La Flute St. Medard, a quaint little pastry shop with lovely, fresh pastries in the window. What a lucky break! It was morning, and since I hadn't eaten a thing for breakfast yet, I went inside. The bell clanged as I opened the door. It felt nice and warm, a welcome change from winter's cold. The above articles, including information about their authors, can be read in their entirety by ordering the print newsletters where they originally appeared.
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Fourteenth
century: for almost a millennium-and-a-half, and although often itinerant,
France’s Kings had headquartered on Paris’ Ile de La Cité in the
royal palace whose vestiges you can still visit at the Conciergerie. Then,
the irreparable happened: in 1358, during the Hundred Years’ Franco-English
War, King Jean Le Bon (John the Good) was captured by the English and imprisoned
in London. His 20-year-old son, Charles, became régent (acting king)
and found himself in a face-off with the Parisian townspeople, who slaughtered
– before the young man – certain of John the Good's supporters.
The
village population is a mere 400, but it gained fame from Miramax’s movie
in 2000. If you are driving along the D905 north from Vitteaux (on
the way to the Fontenay Abbey) and come upon the tiny D9 on your right
before approaching Venarey-les-Laumes, make the turn. You will end
up in one of the Most Beautiful Villages of France.
